Compare Ghana (2004) - Christmas Island (2002)

Compare Ghana (2004) z Christmas Island (2002)

	Ghana (2004)	Christmas Island (2002)

Administrative divisions	10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 38% (male 3,988,800; female 3,904,989) 15-64 years: 58.3% (male 6,030,151; female 6,071,725) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 359,042; female 402,325) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber	NA
Airports	12 (2003 est.)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oregon	about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	24.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $1.943 billion expenditures: $2.192 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	Accra	The Settlement
Climate	tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north	tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline	539 km	80 km
Constitution	approved 28 April 1992	NA
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency	cedi (GHC)	Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate	10.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$7.398 billion (2003 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348 FAX: [233] (21) 701-813	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Ghana must still deal with refugees and returning nationals escaping rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire	none
Economic aid - recipient	$6.9 billion (1999)	$NA
Economy - overview	Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 35% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Policy priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector should help sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem.	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003.
Electricity - consumption	8.835 billion kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	300 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	950 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	8.801 billion kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation	-
Ethnic groups	black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	cedis per US dollar - NA (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.3 (1999)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	NA (2001)	$NA
Exports - commodities	gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds	phosphate
Exports - partners	Netherlands 11.2%, UK 10.7%, France 7.7%, Germany 6.2%, Japan 5.2%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, US 4.3% (2003)	Australia, NZ
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory
GDP	purchasing power parity - $44.44 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 35.4% industry: 25.4% services: 39.2% (2003 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	4.7% (2003 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	8 00 N, 2 00 W	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 39,409 km paved: 11,665 km unpaved: 27,744 km (1999 est.)	total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry) paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$NA
Imports - commodities	capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs	consumer goods
Imports - partners	Nigeria 13.2%, China 9.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.5%, South Africa 4% (2003)	principally Australia
Independence	6 March 1957 (from UK)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	3.8% (2000 est.)	NA%
Industries	mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	total: 52.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	26.7% (2003 est.)	NA%
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	110 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	10 million (2003 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)	tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)
Land boundaries	total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms) elections: last held NA December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2002) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 56.27 years male: 55.36 years female: 57.22 years (2004 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.8% male: 82.7% female: 67.1% (2003 est.)	NA
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm	contiguous zone: 12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 5 foreign-owned: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2004 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$44 million (2003)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.6% (2003)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 5,391,378 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 2,994,600 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 244,809 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 6 March (1957)	NA
Nationality	noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	-0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
People - note	there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)	-
Pipelines	refined products 74 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	20,757,032 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)	474 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	31.4% (1992 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.36% (2004 est.)	-9% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Takoradi, Tema	Flying Fish Cove
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	1,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)	24 km to serve phosphate mines
Religions	Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21%	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	302,300 (2003)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	799,900 (2003)	NA
Television broadcast stations	10 (2001)	NA
Terrain	mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	3.17 children born/woman (2004 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	20% (1997 est.)	NA%
Waterways	1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)	none

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